PROJECT DESCRIPTION:
The Design model incorporates traditional materials which are locally available and friendly to local masons, The new materials, steel and cement, are used as replacement for wood and also for strengthening critical points of failure during earthquake
The Design model is easily replicable for all type of single story construction and is standardized without any deviations for different designs , is cost effective , and is easily comprehensible and supervised even by local contractors .
It can be easily adopted by local people /contractors through training program or simply by a manual .
SALIENT FEATURES OF DESIGN MODEL
PLAN
Rectangle with length width ratio less then 1:2 ---- Symmetrical for balanced load on foundation-----No gable wall ------Fenestration area 15% for hygienic ventilation----- door
And windows away from corner joints of wall ------Minimum cutting and filling of terraces for constructing dwelling unit thus not disturbing existing topography/drainage lines.----retaining walls required.
EXCAVATION AND FOUNDATION
Excavation of foundation done leaving at least 1mtr setback from back terrace --------the set back from the edge of lower terrace should be more then the depth of excavation for foundation to avoid dislodging of terrace edge-------the foundation to be 0.75 to 0.9 mtr deep for terrace depth of 1.8 mtr to 2.0mtr –the foundation wall is designed taking the form of human foot, in case of collapse in persistent earthquake the wall will tend to fall only outside thus not hurting people inside.
PLINTH BEAM
Evenly distributes load and avoids possibility of failure due to unequal settlement of earth during earthquake.
STONE MASONARY WALL
The wall is load bearing and is a composite of stone,mud and stone chips ie kattals , and is designed for 20 inches thickness -----------thru stones are provided at an interval of 0.9mtr in alternate stone masonry courses binding the wall across thickness------the mud used for construction to be sieved clear of grasss/pebbles/stone.The water soil ration in the mud mortar
To be optimum such that the the mud mortar doesnot shrink after it dries and hence doesnot leave any air gaps in masonry wall------stone chips to be used for filling gaps in wall----engineering a cross structured wall corner or junction in stone masonry wall is impossible as such concrete cast in situ corners are designed with 2no 12mm dia vertical bars for shear, the corners are casted simultaneously with each course of stone masonry making toothed joint course at wall junction.
DOORS AND WINDOWS
To be located at least 0.6 mtr away from corners /junction of wall------------chaukhat/door frame in wood to be firmly tied to plinth beam and lintel beam, thus it does not lead to distortion during earthquake preventing jamming of doors.
LINTEL BEAM
Is laid at lintel level with cast in situ MS bolts to tie door and windows frame and also rood truss
GABLE WALL
It is made in lightweight wooden planks or GI sheet fixed to side of wooden roof truss, thus leaving no possibility of failure.
ROOF
The roof is designed with wooden truss resting on long walls tied to lintel beam with MS bolts , corrugated sheet on top and mudfuska as insulation below the roof is light weight and flexible , even in partial collapse of wall , the roof will only distort but will not fall , The attic space created above can be used for storage and also increases the insulation standard of the GI sheet roofing.
The foundation is tied with plinth beam-----the plinth beam is tied to wall thru concrete corner blocks------------which are in turn tied to lintel beam-----------roof truss tied to lintel beam----
The wall is tied between lintel beam, plinth beam and cast corners------the wall is further tied up in itself by systematically laid thru stones.
The components are interlinked and tie with enough flexibility to damp the earthquake.
